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Book Description: The complete work consists of a two-volume set, volume 1 having been published in 2008, and surveys two main aspects of non-equilibrium phase-transitions: (a) transitions in the steady-state and (b) transitions in the relaxation behavior. Volume 1 (Absorbing Phase Transitions) covered the statics and dynamics of transitions into an absorbing state. This Volume 2 treats relaxation phenomena far from equilibrium and ageing. Motivated initially from experimental results, dynamical scaling has now been recognised as a cornerstone in the modern understanding of far from equilibrium relaxation. Dynamical scaling is systematically introduced, starting from coarsening phenomena, and existing analytical results and numerical estimates of universal non-equilibrium exponents and scaling functions are reviewed in detail. Recent theoretical work aims to understand whether dynamical scaling may be just a part of a larger symmetry, called local scaling. Initially, this was motivated by certain analogies with the conformal invariance of equilibrium phase transitions but only recently, this work reached a certain completion and this research is presented, systematically and in detail, in book form for the first time. Aimed at researchers and graduate students in physics, the book is also suitable supplementary reading for advanced undergraduate students.

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